Academic Sign-on: Call for the adoption of an additional Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights on the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment
Dear colleagues,
Join your voice to ours: in the face of ongoing environmental challenges, academics, scholars, researchers and practitioners working on the intersection of human rights and the environment across disciplines on justice, gender equality, social and economic inclusion, the environment and climate as well as those involved with trade unions, legal practices, and scientific bodies have come together to call on the Member States of the Council of Europe to protect the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment through an additional protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights. We respectfully ask you to endorse this letter and to share this call as widely as possible with your colleagues.
Letter in English: here
We stand in solidarity with the 450+ civil society, social movements, and Indigenous Peoples organizations already demanding this recognition [List of Organizational Endorsements here]. The legal protection of this vital right is long overdue!
Call for the adoption of an additional Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights on the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment
To the Permanent Representatives of the Member States of the Council of Europe
Excellencies,
We, members of the Global Network of Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE) and scholars, researchers and practitioners, signing this letter, are pleased to present to you this call for the adoption of an additional Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights on the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. In 2021, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) called for the adoption of an additional protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) to recognize the right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment (R2HE). This initiative builds on three previous attempts by the PACE since the 1970s, including in 1999, 2003, and 2009.[1] Additionally, in 2023, at the Reykjavik Summit of the Council of Europe, all Heads of State and of Government of the Council’s forty-six Members committed to “strengthening [their] work at the Council of Europe on the human rights aspects of the environment based on the political recognition of the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment as a human right.”[2]
As a network researching human rights and environmental issues, the undersigning GNHRE’s members, partners and academic colleagues welcome this development and based on our expertise in the field join in calling for the swift recognition of the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment by the Council of Europe.
This letter follows the earlier letter by over 450 civil society organisations, social movements, and Indigenous Peoples organizations, and reiterates that the explicit recognition of the R2HE through an additional protocol to the ECHR is a core priority for a broad network of scholars and practitioners working across disciplines on human rights, environmental protection, gender equality, social and economic inclusion, as well as those involved with trade unions, legal practices, and scientific bodies.
The interconnected environmental crises including climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss present the defining human rights challenge of our time.[3] The planetary crisis affects all people living in the member states of the Council of Europe, making it imperative to urgently take decisive steps toward the adoption of a binding legal framework that recognizes and protects the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. Every year, over 300,000 people across the European Union alone die prematurely due to atmospheric pollution.[4] Rapidly worsening climate change is causing unprecedented heatwaves, prolonged droughts, recurrent floods, rising sea-level, and devastating wildfires that ravage communities and ecosystems. From the Mediterranean Sea to the Arctic Circle, entire ecosystems are collapsing and communities suffer from the consequences from the irreversible loss of biodiversity. Access to safe drinking water, air quality, and fertile lands is at risk, which also threatens food security, decreases the resilience of communities, and wipes out cultural practices. Those disproportionately affected by the climate crisis and particularly younger generations, face new forms of anxiety. These crises deepen existing inequalities, most seriously impacting the human rights of those already in marginalized situations.
In forty-three of the forty-six Council of Europe member states, the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is already protected through national constitutions, legislation, and court decisions, or as these States are Parties to the Aarhus Convention. For those states that do not yet recognize the right, it will provide a direct route to strengthen environmental standards and policies, as well as the enjoyment of other human rights, for the benefit of all people within their borders but also within all the member states of the Council of Europe. These changes are expected to contribute to improved environmental quality and increased enjoyment of human rights, as well as improved access to the European Court of Human Rights. Research has demonstrated that environmental human rights, and particularly the R2HE, contribute to improved environmental outcomes through reductions in ecological footprints and emissions,[5] better environmental policy outcomes, performance and coherence,[6] and improved access to environmental and climate justice.[7]
The adoption of an additional Protocol to the ECHR would fill a gap in human rights protection, clarifying policies required and fostering accountability that is vital for the protection of present and future generations. The explicit protection of the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is especially crucial for those who face the greatest risk of environmental harm, such as children, young people, women, Indigenous Peoples, national minorities, individuals living in poverty, persons living with disabilities, older persons, refugees and migrants, displaced people, and other disproportionately impacted groups. The added value of such express recognition was demonstrated by the recent developments in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to children and the elderly. It would reinforce and consolidate the legal protection of the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment throughout Europe, further ensuring the enjoyment of all human rights. It would also bolster states’ duty to enforce environmental protection measures and protect against corporate human rights abuses. An additional Protocol would reinforce existing obligations to respect, protect, and fulfil the R2HE. The Protocol would also inspire further and more progressive legislative and policy standards across the Council of Europe.
The right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment has already been recognized in a plethora of international instruments. The UN Human Rights Council recognized this right through a resolution in October 2021, and the UN General Assembly followed suit in July 2022. Significantly, every Member State of the Council of Europe voted in favor of the UN General Assembly’s resolution. The Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to which all countries of the Council of Europe are parties acknowledged the recognition of this right and associated UNGA resolution in its 2022 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (para 14).[8] The R2HE, as well as the link between this right and other human rights, is acknowledged by UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies.[9] This right is also recognized in the main human rights treaties in every other region: in the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights, and in the 1988 Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights (the San Salvador Protocol), the Arab Charter on Human Rights, the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration, the Aarhus Convention and the Escazú Agreement. In addition, the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights, article 37 establishes that «a high level of environmental protection and the improvement of the quality of the environment must be integrated into the policies of the Union and ensured in accordance with the principle of sustainable development».
The planetary crisis and the increasing impact of environmental degradation on the enjoyment of human rights have led to an increase in related cases at the European Court of Human Rights, a trend that is expected to continue, especially given the recent milestone judgement in the case Verein Klimaseniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland. While the Court has already affirmed States’ obligations to protect existing human rights- such as the right to life (article 2) and to private and family life (article 8)- against environmental hazards and harms, thereby creating a growing body of environmental human rights case law,[10] an additional Protocol would consolidate the Court’s jurisprudence and make it more coherent, contributing to greater legal certainty and conceptual clarity. Recognizing this overarching right would also complement and reinforce the existing CoE instruments, affirming the fundamental importance of a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment to all aspects of human dignity, equality, and freedom.
Under a legally binding Protocol, the protection of the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment would send a powerful message both at national and international level, demonstrating and reaffirming the Council of Europe member states’ commitment to addressing the planetary crisis. It would also send an unequivocal message of solidarity to environmental and human rights defenders who currently pay a grave price for their advocacy. Other avenues for human rights-based environmental protection inevitably represent weaker alternatives that do not guarantee an actionable right to individuals who experience violations of their human rights due to environmental harm.
Faced with unprecedented crises, the time is now for the Council of Europe to fulfil and reaffirm its mandate to promote democracy, the rule of law, and human rights in all member states by recognizing and protecting the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment through the adoption of a Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights.
Yours sincerely the undersigned academics and networks,
[1] Recommendation 1431 (1999) ‘Future action to be taken by the Council of Europe in the field of environment protection’ ; Recommendation 1614 (2003) ‘Environment and human rights’ ; Recommendation 1885 (2009), ‘Drafting an additional protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights concerning the right to a healthy environment’.
[2] Council of Europe, Reykjavík Declaration of 16-7 May 2023
[3] Lähteenmäki-Uutela, A. et al. (2024) Planetary Boundaries Nurturing the Grand Narrative of the Right to a Healthy Environment? Environmental Policy and Law, 54, 15-26.
[4] Council of the European Union, Air pollution in the EU: facts and figures, review of 24 March 2024, at https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/infographics/air-pollution-in-the-eu/
[5] Boyd, D.R. (2011). The environmental rights revolution: a global study of constitutions, human rights and environment. UBC Press.
[6] Jeffords, C. and Minkler, L. (2016) Do Constitutions Matter? The Effects of Constitutional Environmental Rights Provisions on Environmental Outcomes. Kyklos, 69(2), 294-335; Jeffords, C., & Gellers, J. C. (2018). Implementing substantive constitutional environmental rights: a quantitative assessment of current practices using benchmark rankings. In Erin Daly and James R. May (eds.) Implementing Environmental Constitutionalism, Cambridge University Press; Gellers, J. C., & Jeffords, C. (2019). Environmental rights in the Asia Pacific region: taking stock and assessing impacts. Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law, 22(2), 190-206.
[7] Jeffords, C. (2016). On the temporal effects of static constitutional environmental rights provisions on access to improved sanitation facilities and water sources. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 7(1), 74-110; Gellers, J. C., & Jeffords, C. (2018). Toward environmental democracy? Procedural environmental rights and environmental justice. Global Environmental Politics, 18(1), 99-121. Heri, C, Nordlander, L. and Savaresi A. ‘Recognizing the Right to a Healthy Environment at the Council of Europe: Why Does It Matter?’ [2023] Environmental Rights Review <https://environmentalrightsreview.com/2024/02/08/recognizing-the-right-to-a-healthy-environment-at-the-council-of-europe-why-does-it-matter/>. Heri, C. (2024) Justice in the liminal: The Council of Europe and the right to a healthy environment. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 73(2), 319-360.
[8] Decision 15/L.25, U.N. Doc. CBD/COP/15/L.25 (2022)
[9] Including, but not limited to: UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General comment no. 26 on Children’s Rights and the Environment, with a Special Focus on Climate Change (2023) CRC/C/GC/26; UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General comment no. 14 on The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health (Art. 12) (2000) E/C.12/2000/4
[10] See for instance, Manual On Human Rights And The Environment (3rd edition), Council of Europe, February 2022.
Signatories:
- Professor Bethanie Carney Almroth, Professor of Ecotoxicology, University of Gothenburg
- Professor David R. Boyd, University of British Columbia
- Professor John H. Knox, Henry C. Lauerman Professor of International Law, Wake Forest University School of Law
- Professor Jenny Hall, Associate Professor, University of Johannesburg, GNHRE
- Professor André Francisco Pilon, Associate Professor, University of São Paulo / International Academy of Science, Health & Ecology
- Professor Iraida A. Giménez, Public international Law, Cei International Affairs
- Professor Liliana Lizarazo-Rodriguez, Research Professor, Brussels School of Governance (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
- Profesor Gregorio Mesa Cuadros, Profesor Titular, Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá
- Professor Silja Klepp, Professor of Geography, EnJust
- Professor Jan Orbie, Ghent University
- Professor Jona Razzaque, Professor of Environmental Law, University of the West of England
- Professor Daniel Ruiz, Researcher, CISP
- Professor Riccardo Sallustio, Professor of Sustainable Finance, Graduate School
- Professor Annalisa Savaresi, Professor of international environmental law, University of Eastern Finland
- Professor Matthew Scott, Leader of human rights and environment thematic area, Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law and Lund University
- Professor Wim Thiery, Research Professor, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- Professor Marta Torre-Schaub, SciencesPo Paris, Director of ClimaLex
- Dr Ivano Alogna, Research Leader in Environmental and Climate Change Law, British Institute of International and Comparative Law
- Dr Kimberley Anderson, Research Lead, Terre des Hommes NL
- Dr Sujata Arya, Assistant Faculty, Symbiosis Law School, Pune
- Dr. Luciana Bauer, Lecturer climate change, JUSCLIMA Brazilian climate law
- Dr. Hannah Blitzer, Senior Policy Officer and Advocacy Committee, Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment, Wildlife and Countryside Link
- Dr Esmeralda Colombo, Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellow, RFF-CMCC Institute for Economics and the Environment
- Dr Francisco Cordeiro de Araújo, Guest Lecturer Public International Law and European Union Law, University of Lisbon
- Dr Christophe Golay, Senior Research Fellow, Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights
- Dr Morgan Eleanor Harris, Research Fellow, Università degli Studi Roma Tre
- Dr Claudia Ituarte-Lima, Director of Global Network of Human Rights and the Environment and thematic lead on human rights and environment and senior researcher at the Raoul Wallenberg Institute
- Dr Antti Jukka , Doctoral Researcher, UEF, VUB
- Dr Verena Kahl, Research Assistant at University Hamburg, RICEDH e.V., Lawyers for Future
- Dr Asmaa Khadim, Researcher, Leiden University
- Dr Parul Kumar, PhD Candidate, KU Leuven
- Dr Veera Pekkarinen, PhD Researcher, University of Eastern Finland
- Dr Myele Rouxel, Project Researcher, University of Eastern Finland
- Dr Nicola Sharman, Doctoral Researcher, University of Eastern Finland
- Dr Bettina Steible, Professora lectora, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
- Dr Julian Suarez Bohorquez, Phd Candidate, University College Cork
- Dr Srna Sudar, Head of Project Office, University of Montenegro
- Dr Baïna Ubushieva, Associate Research Fellow, Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights
- Dr Elke Verhaeghe, Researcher, Ghent University
- Dr. Nikola Biliškov, Senior research associate, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
Signatory NGOs:
| 1 a tip: tap e.V. |
| 2 Action Jeunesse pour le Développement (AJED) |
| 3 Action Solidarité Tiers Monde (ASTM) |
| 4 Action4Justice UK |
| 5 ACTUAR-Association for Cooperation and Development |
| 6 Adivasi-Koordination in Deutschland e.V. |
| 7 AEGEE-Europe / European Students’ Forum |
| 8 AEGEE-Sofia |
| 9 AERDQ |
| 10 African Coalition on Green Growth (ACGG) |
| 11 Afrihealth Optonet Association (AHOA) |
| 12 Age International |
| 13 Agrecol Association for AgriCulture & Ecology |
| 14 AIESEC Bulgaria |
| 15 Aktionsgruppe Indianer & Menschenrechte / Action Group Indigenous & Human Rights |
| 16 Albanian Values (ALVA) |
| 17 All Together in Dignity to overcome poverty (ATD Fourth World) |
| 18 All Win Network |
| 19 Alliance des Generations pour le Climat |
| 20 Alliance for Cancer Prevention |
| 21 Alliance for Cancer Prevention |
| 22 Alliance Santé Planétaire |
| 23 Almatura & Partners |
| 24 Alpe Adria Green , Mednarodno društvo za varstvo okolja in narave |
| 25 Amnesty International |
| 26 Anti-Slavery International |
| 27 ANTS – National Interests Advocacy Network |
| 28 Apdhe Asociación pro derechos humanos de España |
| 29 Arbeitsgruppe Schweiz Kolumbien ask! |
| 30 Armenian Forests Environmental NGO |
| 31 Arnika, z. s. |
| 32 Aroha |
| 33 Article 19 |
| 34 ÄrztInnen für eine gesunde Umwelt |
| 35 Asociación Biodiversa |
| 36 Asociación Mujeres con Voz |
| 37 Asociación para la Justicia Ambiental |
| 38 Asociación Pro Derechos Humanos de España ( APDHE) |
| 39 Associação de Estudos, Cooperação e Desenvolvimento (EOS) | Association for Studies, Development and Cooperation (Eos) |
| 40 Associação dos Professores de Direito Ambiental do Brasil (APRODAB) |
| 41 Association d’Aide à l’Education de l’Enfant Handicapé (AAEEH) |
| 42 Association des Femmes de l’Europe Méridionale (AFEM) |
| 43 Association des Femmes pour le Développement Durable (AFDD) |
| 44 Association for Farmers Rights Defense, AFRD |
| 45 Association for Farmers Rights Defense, AFRD |
| 46 Association for Research on Treatment against Cancer (ARTAC) |
| 47 Association for social innovations and sustainable development RADAR |
| 48 Association for sustainable development SFERA International |
| 49 Association for the Sustainability of the Earth System (ZERO) |
| 50 Association Ipoma |
| 51 Association Jeunes Agriculteurs (AJA) |
| 52 Association of World Citizens |
| 53 Association SOS MCS (Sensibilité Chimique Multiple) |
| 54 Associazione italiana del Patto per il Clima (EuClipa.it) |
| 55 ASTRA Network |
| 56 Aurora |
| 57 Ayeright |
| 58 Bankwatch Romania |
| 59 Barranquilla+20 Foundation |
| 60 Bat Conservation Trust |
| 61 Belgische Vereniging voor Stabiel, Natuurlijk Uur. |
| 62 Better Living Initiatives Global |
| 63 BetterTimes – For Healthy Social Times |
| 64 Biodiversity Action Europe |
| 65 Bir Duino Kyrgyzstan |
| 66 BirdLife Estonia |
| 67 BirdLife Sverige |
| 68 Bischöfliches Hilfswerk Misereor e.V. |
| 69 Black Sea Women’s Club NGO |
| 70 Bloom Association |
| 71 BlueLink Foundation |
| 72 Born Free Foundation |
| 73 Building and Wood Workers’ International (BWI) |
| 74 BUSINESS as NATURE — Association for Sustainable Growth and Production and the Circular Economy (BasN) |
| 75 C-Circle Research |
| 76 Campaign for Freedom of Information |
| 77 Campax |
| 78 Cantine sans plastique france |
| 79 CEDAWinLAW |
| 80 CEE Bankwatch Network |
| 81 Center for Environment (FoE Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
| 82 Center for Environment / Friends Of the Earth Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 83 Center for Environmental Democracy – Florozon |
| 84 Center for Environmental Ethics and Law |
| 85 Center for environmental research and information (Eko-svest) |
| 86 Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) |
| 87 Center for Protection and Research of Birds |
| 88 Center for Rights and Democracy South Sudan (CRD) |
| 89 Centre d’Estudis de Dret Ambiental de Tarragona (CEDAT) |
| 90 Centre for Children’s Rights |
| 91 Centre for Climatology and Applied Research |
| 92 Centro de Asesoría y Estudios Sociales (CAES) |
| 93 Centro de Asesoría y Estudios Sociales, S. Coop. Mad. |
| 94 Changing Markets Foundation |
| 95 ChemSec |
| 96 Child Rights Information Center |
| 97 Child Rights International Network (CRIN) |
| 98 Citizens’ Initiative Ohrid SOS |
| 99 Clean Air Action Group |
| 100 ClientEarth |
| 101 Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe |
| 102 Climate Cares Centre, Imperial College London |
| 103 Climate Change and Law Network for Researchers (CLIMALEX) |
| 104 Climate Ethics and Development Foundation |
| 105 Climate Justice For Rosa |
| 106 Climate Museum UK |
| 107 Climate Rights International |
| 108 CliMates France |
| 109 CNCD-11.11.11 |
| 110 Co-ordniation Office of the Austrian Bishops’ Conference for International Development and Mission (KOO) |
| 111 Coalition for an International Court for the Environment (ICE) |
| 112 Codap (Centre de conseils et d’appui pour les jeunes en matière de droits humains) |
| 113 Commitee on the Administration of Justice (CAJ) Northern Ireland |
| 114 Conference of European Churches |
| 115 Conflict and Environment Observatory |
| 116 Connected Advocacy for Empowerment and Youth Development Initiative |
| 117 Conseil International pour la Transmission Intellectuelle “CITI” |
| 118 Conservation-litigation.org |
| 119 CooLabora – Intervenção Social |
| 120 Coopération Internationale pour le Développement et la Solidarité (CIDSE) |
| 121 Corporate Europe Observatory |
| 122 Cresol Associació |
| 123 Crimean Tatar Resource Center |
| 124 Cross Cultural Bridges |
| 125 DesertNET International |
| 126 Deutsche KlimaStiftung / German Climate Foundation |
| 127 Deutsche Umwelthilfe |
| 128 Diritto Diretto |
| 129 Disability Peoples Forum Uganda |
| 130 Disability Peoples Forum Uganda |
| 131 Disabled Peoples’ International Europe |
| 132 Doctors of the World – Médecins du Monde |
| 133 Earth Thrive |
| 134 Eco-Accord |
| 135 Ecodes |
| 136 Ecological Manifesto – ManEco |
| 137 EcoLur Informational |
| 138 EcoVisuel – Agence de communication responsable |
| 139 Eden Center |
| 140 Edmund Rice International |
| 141 EHA “Green World” |
| 142 Eko Element Bugojno, BH |
| 143 Eko-Zadar |
| 144 Ekologi brez meja |
| 145 ELYX Foundation |
| 146 Emonyo Yefwe International |
| 147 Energies2050 |
| 148 Environmental Coalition on Standards (ECOS) |
| 149 Environmental Investigation Agency |
| 150 Environmental Justice Network Ireland |
| 151 Environmental Law Association of South Africa |
| 152 Environmental Management and Law Association |
| 153 Environmental Rights Centre for Scotland |
| 154 Environmental Rights Recognition Project/ King’s College Legal Clinic |
| 155 Estonian Environmental Law Center |
| 156 Ethics Specialist Group, IUCN World Commission on Environmental Law |
| 157 Eurochild |
| 158 Eurogeo |
| 159 European Alliance for the Self-Determination for Indigenous PeopleS |
| 160 European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) |
| 161 European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI) |
| 162 European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights – ECCHR |
| 163 European Confederation of Youth Clubs (ECYC) |
| 164 European Confederation of Youth Clubs (ECYC) |
| 165 European Council of Spatial Planners – Conseil européen des urbanistes (ECTP-CEU) |
| 166 European Environmental Bureau (EEB) |
| 167 European Lawyers Union (UAE) |
| 168 European Network for community-led initiatives on climate change and sustainability (ECOLISE) |
| 169 European Network for Environmental Medicine |
| 170 European Network of Ombudspersons for Children (ENOC) |
| 171 European Organisation of Military Associations and Trade Unions (EUROMIL) |
| 172 European Parent’s Association (EPA) |
| 173 European Sex Workers Rights’ Alliance (ESWA) |
| 174 European Students’ Union |
| 175 European Water Movement |
| 176 Everyday Plastic |
| 177 Exeter Centre for Environmental Law |
| 178 Exit Plastik |
| 179 Exit Plastik |
| 180 Faculty of Public Health |
| 181 Fairtrade International |
| 182 Faith for the Climate |
| 183 Fältbiologerna (Nature & Youth Sweden) |
| 184 Fastenaktion Schweiz |
| 185 Fédération Internationale des Jardins Familiaux |
| 186 Federation of Young European Greens |
| 187 Feedback Global |
| 188 Flemish Youth Council |
| 189 Fondation Eboko |
| 190 Food First Information and Action Network Germany (FIAN) |
| 191 Foreningen Grunnloven §112 |
| 192 Forest Peoples Programme |
| 193 Forum Umwelt und Entwicklung |
| 194 Fossielvrij NL |
| 195 Foundation Atelier for Community Transformation (ACT) |
| 196 Framtiden i våre hender |
| 197 France Nature Environnement |
| 198 Franciscans International |
| 199 Free Legal Advice Centres |
| 200 Fridays For Future Sweden |
| 201 Friends of the Earth – SPZ |
| 202 Friends of the Earth England, Wales and Northern Ireland |
| 203 Fundação Montescola |
| 204 Fundación Red Colombiana Para La Defensa de los Derechos Humanos, el medio Ambiente y la Paz |
| 205 Fundación Sustenta |
| 206 Gaialux asbl |
| 207 Gallifrey Foundation |
| 208 Generation for Rights Over the World |
| 209 Générations Futures |
| 210 GEYC – Group of the European Youth for Change |
| 211 GEYC – Group of the European Youth for Change |
| 212 Global Ecovillage Network |
| 213 Global Enviro-Action |
| 214 Global Forest Coalition |
| 215 Global Human Rights Group |
| 216 Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |
| 217 Global Pact Coalition – Green Rights Coalition |
| 218 Global River Protection Coalition |
| 219 Global Youth Biodiversity Network Europe (GYBN) |
| 220 Governance and Human Rights Research Group |
| 221 Grandmother Act to Save the Planet (GASP) |
| 222 Grands-parents pour le climat/Klima-Grosseltern Schweiz |
| 223 Greek Helsinki Monitor |
| 224 Green Armenia |
| 225 Green Armenia NGO |
| 226 Green Foundation Ireland |
| 227 Green Front |
| 228 Green Legal Impact Germany e.V. |
| 229 Green Team |
| 230 Greenhouse Communications |
| 231 Greenpeace |
| 232 Grootouders voor het Klimaat |
| 233 Habitat Defenders Africa |
| 234 Health and Environment Justice Support (HEJSupport) |
| 235 Health Care Without Harm Europe |
| 236 Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung |
| 237 Heirs To Our Ocean |
| 238 Helsinki Citizens Assembly Banja Luka |
| 239 Holistic Fungi. Asociación para el Desarrollo Sostenible y Holístico de las Personas y el Planeta |
| 240 Hope For Children – CRC Policy Center |
| 241 Human Development Research Initiative |
| 242 Human Right House Banja Luka |
| 243 Human Rights Association Turkey |
| 244 Human Rights House Foundation (HRHF) |
| 245 Human Rights Watch |
| 246 Humane Society International/Europe |
| 247 Humusz Szövetség |
| 248 Icatalist |
| 249 Iceland Nature Conservation Association |
| 250 ICLEI Europe |
| 251 Improve Your Society Organization (IYSO) |
| 252 Independent Institute for Environmental Issues |
| 253 Indigenous Environmental Network |
| 254 Initiative Earth |
| 255 INKOTA Netzwerk |
| 256 Innovea Development Foundation |
| 257 Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy |
| 258 Institute for the sustainable development of indigenous Lenca women of Honduras (IDESMULH) |
| 259 Instituto Internacional de Derecho y Medio Ambiente / International Institute for Law and the Environment |
| 260 Internacional Council of Jewish Women (ICJW) |
| 261 International Association of River Keepers (Eco-Tiras) |
| 262 International Charitable Organization “Environment – People – Law” (EPL) |
| 263 International Commission of Jurists |
| 264 International Committee for the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas (Incomindios) |
| 265 International Council of Jewish Women |
| 266 International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW) – Europe |
| 267 International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW) Europe |
| 268 International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) |
| 269 International Federation of Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture (FIACAT) |
| 270 International Federation of Landscape Architects Europe |
| 271 International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations (IFMSA) |
| 272 International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX) |
| 273 International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) |
| 274 International Partnership for Human Rights |
| 275 International Partnership for Human Rights |
| 276 International Pollutant Elimination Network (IPEN) |
| 277 International Service for Human Rights |
| 278 International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE) |
| 279 International Union of Architects (UIA) |
| 280 International Voluntary Service (IVS Great Britain) |
| 281 International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) |
| 282 International Youth Health Organization |
| 283 INTERSO Integration of economy, development, society and environment Institute for individual and social responsibility, Koper Slovenia |
| 284 Irish Council for Civil Liberties |
| 285 ISDE, International Society of Doctors for Environment Italy |
| 286 Italian Climate Network |
| 287 Italian Federation for Human Rights – FIDU |
| 288 Jeunes Ambassadeurs pour le Climat |
| 289 Journalistes for Human Rigths in North Macedonia |
| 290 Juridisk Klimaforening |
| 291 Just Access e.V. |
| 292 Just Fair |
| 293 Just Planet |
| 294 Justice & Environment |
| 295 Justice Institute Guyana |
| 296 Justicia i Pau Barcelona |
| 297 JustLaw |
| 298 Karibs Foundation |
| 299 Klima-Allianz Schweiz / Alliance Climatique Suisse |
| 300 Klub sportskih ribolovaca Travnik |
| 301 Knowledgepanel |
| 302 Kolping International |
| 303 L’Association européenne des Cheminots |
| 304 La Ribera en Bici |
| 305 Lab for Future Generations |
| 306 Latin America Solidarity Centre Ireland |
| 307 Law and Wildlife |
| 308 Learning for Sustainability Scotland |
| 309 Leave it in the Ground Initiative (LINGO) |
| 310 Legal Center for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment (PIC) |
| 311 Legal Resources Foundation Trust (LRF) |
| 312 LIDIB – Human Rights Lab – University of the Balearic Islands |
| 313 Liga voor de Rechten van de Mens (Netherlands League for Human Rights) |
| 314 Ligue des droits de l’Homme France (LDH) |
| 315 Ligue des droits humains Belgique |
| 316 Ligue suisse des droits de l’Homme / Swiss League for Human Rights |
| 317 Living Law |
| 318 Low Carbon Economy Foundation |
| 319 Mekanda Adalet Derneği (Center for Spatial Justice) |
| 320 MIAMSI : Mouvement International des Milieux Sociaux Indépendants – Europe International |
| 321 Milieudefensie/ Friends of the Earth NL |
| 322 Minority Rights Group International |
| 323 National Youth Forum – Bulgaria |
| 324 Natur og Ungdom (Young Friends of the Earth Norway) |
| 325 natur&ëmwelt |
| 326 Naturefriends Greece |
| 327 Naturfreunde Internationale |
| 328 Naturvernforbundet |
| 329 Next Energy Consumer |
| 330 NGO “Save Pikuy” |
| 331 Nigerian Women Agro Allied Farmers Association |
| 332 No Plastic In My Sea |
| 333 Non c’e’ pace senza giustizia (No Peace Without Justice) |
| 334 Norsk Nettverk for Menneskerettigheter/Norwegian Network for Human Rights |
| 335 Norwegian forum for Development and Environment |
| 336 Norwegian Helsinki Committee |
| 337 Notre Affaire A Tous |
| 338 Nourish Scotland |
| 339 Observatori DESCA |
| 340 Observatório Ibérico Energia ( O.I.E.) |
| 341 OIEC |
| 342 Oil Change International |
| 343 ÖKOBÜRO – Allianz der Umweltbewegung |
| 344 Ökotárs-Hungarian Environmental Partnership Foundation |
| 345 On Est Prêt |
| 346 One Ocean Hub |
| 347 Organisation for the Promotion of Ecoclubs |
| 348 Ośrodek Działań Ekologicznych “Źródła” |
| 349 Oxfam |
| 350 Oz Orman |
| 351 PAX |
| 352 Pax Christi International |
| 353 People in Need |
| 354 People’s Trust for Endangered Species |
| 355 Pesticide Action Network (PAN) Europe |
| 356 Pesticide Action Network Netherlands |
| 357 Plastic Change |
| 358 Plastic Soup Foundation |
| 359 Plataforma de Infancia |
| 360 Plataforma de Toledo en Defensa del Tajo |
| 361 Plataforma de Toledo en defensa del Tajo |
| 362 Plataforma Portuguesa das ONGD |
| 363 Plataforma Portuguesa para os Direitos das Mulheres – Portuguese Platform for Women’s Rights |
| 364 Policies for Equitable Access to Health (PEAH) |
| 365 Polish Zero Waste Association |
| 366 Porgera Red Wara (River) Women’s Association Incorporated (PRWWA INC) |
| 367 Project Seagrass |
| 368 Protect the Forest Sweden |
| 369 Public Association EcoContact |
| 370 Quaker Council for European Affairs |
| 371 Queremos un medio ambiente sano y limpio |
| 372 Reclame Fossielvrij |
| 373 Rehabilitation International – RI Europe |
| 374 Renature Festival voor kunst en natuur |
| 375 Renewables and Environmental Regulatory Institute |
| 376 Restor |
| 377 Rewilding Britain |
| 378 Rewilding Europe |
| 379 Right To Know CLG |
| 380 River Action |
| 381 Rural Women Empowerment Network. |
| 382 Save the Med |
| 383 Schatmakers |
| 384 SCI – Projets Internationaux ASBL |
| 385 Scientists for Future Netherlands |
| 386 SCO “Office for Analytics and Advice on Sustainable Development” |
| 387 Scottish Communities Climate Action Network (SCCAN) |
| 388 SDG Allianz Liechtenstein |
| 389 Seal Research Trust |
| 390 Seas At Risk |
| 391 SERES |
| 392 Service Civil International ivzw (SCI) |
| 393 Slovak Ornithological Society/BirdLife Slovakia |
| 394 Social Tipping Point Coalitie |
| 395 Soka Gakkai International |
| 396 SOS MCS (Sensibilité Chimique Multiple) |
| 397 Source International |
| 398 Spanish Ornithological Society (SEO)/BirdLife |
| 399 Stamp Out Poverty |
| 400 Stand Up For Your Rights |
| 401 Stop Ecocide International |
| 402 Sukaar Welfare Organization |
| 403 Surfrider Foundation Europe |
| 404 Sustainably Wise |
| 405 Sustentarse (Chile) |
| 406 Sweden’s Environmental Association of Law |
| 407 Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC) |
| 408 Swiss league for human rights |
| 409 TEMA, The Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, for Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats |
| 410 Terra-1530 |
| 411 Terre des Hommes International Federation |
| 412 Thalassaemia International Federation |
| 413 Thames Blue Green Economy |
| 414 Thames Blue Green Economy |
| 415 The European Law Students’ Association (ELSA) |
| 416 The Gaia Foundation |
| 417 The Interfaith Center for Sustainable Development |
| 418 The Kent Environment & Community Network |
| 419 The Organization for Poverty Alleviation and Development (OPAD) |
| 420 The Standing Committee of European Doctors (CPME) |
| 421 The Water Diplomat |
| 422 The Zoönomic Institute |
| 423 Tokata-LPDG RheinMain e.V. |
| 424 Traffed-RDC, Asbl |
| 425 TRAFFED-RDC, Asbl |
| 426 UK Health Alliance on Climate Change |
| 427 Umanotera, the Slovenian Foundation for Sustainable Development |
| 428 UN Etxea – Basque Country Association for UNESCO |
| 429 UNAEC-Europe, Union européenne des anciens élèves de l’enseignement catholique |
| 430 Union Professionnelle Internationale des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens |
| 431 University Women of Europe (UWE) |
| 432 Uplift |
| 433 Verein zur Unterstützung nordamerikanischer Indianer ASNAI |
| 434 Volonteurope |
| 435 Voluntary Action North Lanarkshire |
| 436 Volunteer Action for Peace (UK) |
| 437 Water Integrity Network e.V. |
| 438 Wildlife and Countryside Link |
| 439 WILPF Italia |
| 440 WILPF UK |
| 441 Women Engage for a Common Future |
| 442 Women for peace and ecology,Germany |
| 443 Women’s Environmental Network (Wen) |
| 444 WOMENVAI – WOmen and Men in ENVironment and Artificial Intelligence |
| 445 Working Circle Indians of North America (AKIN) |
| 446 World Environmental Education Congress (WEEC Network) |
| 447 World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO) |
| 448 World Future Council |
| 449 World Organization of the Scout Movement |
| 450 World’s Youth for Climate Justice |
| 451 WWF-Ukraine |
| 452 Youth and Environment Europe |
| 453 Youth Environmental Services (Yes) |
| 454 Youth for Climate |
| 455 Youth4Nature |
| 456 Zdravo da ste |
| 457 ZEA |
| 458 Zelena akcija / FoE Croatia |
| 459 Zero Waste Kiel e.V. |
| 460 Zero Waste Society |
| 461 Zimbabwe Climate Change Coalition |