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Koja je uloga plina u energetskoj tranziciji?

Autor: Neven Duić
Fakultet strojarstva i brodogradnje, Sveučilište u Zagrebu

 

Prirodni plin je proglašen najčistijim fosilnim gorivom, i stoga tranzicijskim gorivom prema obnovljivoj budućnosti. Međutim, ako se uzmu u obzir fugitivne emisije metana pri njegovoj proizvodnji, transportu i korištenju, onda on ima relativno malu prednost u odnosu na ugljen kada se koristi za toplinske potrebe, a značajno veće tek pri proizvodnji električne energije. Također, upitna je prednost plina u transportu nad naftom. Kako je do 2050. potrebno smanjiti emisije za 95%, a ne za nekoliko postotaka, što plin eventualno može omogućiti, plin treba gledati kao tranzicijsko gorivo jedino kada je zamjena za ugljen, to jest samo ako nemamo bolje alternative. S obzirom na to da se ugljen za grijanje uglavnom ne koristi već 50, a u transportu stotinjak godina, teza oba sektora postoje bolje alternative, jedino u proizvodnji električne energije možemo govoriti o mogućoj tranzicijskoj ulozi plina, i to kao dopune obnovljivim izvorima.

Metan – staklenički plin

Slika 1. Promjene emisija metana po regijama i izvorima, 2000-2006 and 2017.1

Metan CH4 je vrlo potentni staklenički plin čiji je vijek trajanja u atmosferi dvadesetak godina. Njegov potencijal za potencijal globalnog zatopljenja (eng. Global warming potential – GWP) je značajno veći u odnosu na ugljikov dioksid. Preciznije, potencijal metana je oko 30 puta veći od istog za ugljikov dioksid, ako se globalno zatopljenje promatra na period od 100 godina, kao što je uobičajeno (GWP100). No, promatramo li kratkoročni utjecaj na klimu, on je 85 puta potentniji od CO2 (GWP20).[1] Antropogeni metan nastaje prilikom ekstrakcije, transporta i korištenja fosilnih goriva, u poljoprivredi, posebno u uzgoju goveda, te pri odlaganju otpada na odlagališta.[2] S druge strane, prirodni metan se oslobađa u anaerobnim procesima truljenja vegetacije, recimo u tropskim rijekama i jezerima. S porastom proizvodnje „čistog“ prirodnog plina rastu i emisije metana (slika 1.) posebno na Bliskom Istoku, Rusiji i Sjevernoj Americi.

Prosječni udio fugitivnih emisija je oko 2%, što bi prirodni plin činilo marginalno čišćim iz pozicije klimatskih promjena u odnosu na ugljen. Međutim, vrlo su nepouzdani podaci o količinama tih fugitivnih emisija te o metodologiji njihovog prijavljivanja, tako da sa sigurnošću možemo reći da neka nalazišta imaju veći udio fugitivnih emisija.

Energetska efikasnost i emisije iz prirodnog plina

Osim fugitivnih emisija za usporedbu prirodnog plina i ugljena, treba uzeti u obzir i efikasnost procesa. Razmatramo li grijanje, onda je glavni produkt toplina, koja je kod oba izvora ista, tj. nema razlike između plina i ugljena. No, u proizvodnji električne energije, efikasnost procesa kombiniranog ciklusa izgaranja plina iznosi 55-65%, dok se u slučaju ugljena postižu efikasnosti u intervalu 40-45%. To znači da u proizvodnju električne energije plin ima dvostruku ugljičnu efikasnost, ukoliko su fugitivne emisije ispod 2%. Za grijanje međutim, prednost je minimalna, te ako su fugitivne emisije iznad 3%, onda je ugljen čak bolji od prirodnog plina.

Slika 2. Kad je prirodni plin bolji od ugljena, a kad nije? Sve ovisi o fugitivnim emisijama.1 Za kratkotrajnu procjenu utjecaja na klimu važan je GWP20, što znači da nam je za 3% fugitivnih emisija ugljen jednak prirodnom plinu za grijanje i transport, a za 4% i za električnu energiju.

Kad prirodni plin možemo smatrati tranzicijskim gorivom?

Zaključak se nameće, prirodni plin može biti tranzicijskog gorivo samo ako zamjenjuje ugljen, a to ima smisla samo u proizvodnji električne energije, dok niti u grijanju, niti u transportu, plin nije tranzicijsko gorivo.

Moguća je zamjena goriva (eng. fuel switch) s ugljena na plin, što bi bilo povoljno za tranziciju jer bi dovelo do povećanja cijena električne energije i povećanja investicija u nove elektrane, uglavnom obnovljive, međutim šanse su ograničene ruskom monopolnom pozicijom u dijelu europskih tržišta. Ulaz ukapljenog prirodnog plina (eng. liquified natural gas – LNG) utječe na smanjenje veleprodajnih cijena plina. No, taj utjecaj postaje manji zbog činjenice da je LNG dostupan uglavnom na tržištima s manjim utjecajem ruskog monopola. Na istočnoeuropskom tržištu je moguć povoljan utjecaj litvanskog i poljskog terminala na cijenu ruskog plina. No, pitanje je u kojoj se mjeri Poljska, okružena plinovodom Nordstream 2, spremna odreći elektrana na ugljen, prvenstveno iz sigurnosnih razloga? Bugarsko-grčki plinski interkonektor i hrvatski LNG terminal prepoznati su kao glavni dobavni pravci koji bi mogli utjecati na smanjenje ruskog monopola i monopolističke cijene plina u ostatku istočne Europe. Teško je očekivati da će novopridošli azerbejdžanski plin, koji do Italije stiže Transjadranskim plinovodom (eng. Trans-Adriatic pipeline, TAP), značajno utjecati na cijenu, zbog visoke cijene investicije i relativno malog kapaciteta u prvoj fazi. Dok se stvari smire na Bliskom istoku, plin više neće imati značajnu ulogu u tranziciji.

Do kad će trajati tranzicija?

Europa nema dovoljno vlastite proizvodnje prirodnog plina, zbog čega se smanjuje sigurnost dobave njegovim korištenjem. S obzirom na to da većina plina dolazi iz Rusije, koja ga koristi za političke svrhe, plin je izrazito loše gorivo s pozicije energetske sigurnosti. Međutim, prije ograničavanja opskrbe, ključno je smanjivati potrošnju plina, osobito u sektoru grijanja. Ograničavanje alternativnih pravaca dobave pogoduje monopolnom opskrbljivaču, što onemogućuje energetsku tranziciju.

S obzirom na to da je planirano napuštanje ugljena do 2030. u EU, to je onda i kraj energetske tranzicije. Nakon toga kreće zamjena prirodnog plina obnovljivim izvorima.

A što treba napraviti u sektoru plina do 2030?

Što se investicija u plin tiče, zaključno bismo mogli savjetovati da se ne grade kondenzacijske elektrane i energane na prirodni plin. Nadalje, trebalo bi prekinuti ulagati u korištenje prirodnog plina u transportnim sredstvima, ali i za grijanje stanova, kuhanje i grijanje vode. Plin nije tranzicijsko gorivo, dakle on ne smanjuje emisije i postoje bolje alternative u tim sektorima. S današnjim cijenama, kondenzacijske elektrane nisu kompetitivne, ali ako dođe do fuel switcha mogle bi to ponovno postati. Zato bi trebalo razmisliti o uvođenju poreza na neiskorištenu otpadnu toplinu, čime bi se podržavalo iskorištavanje otpadne topline, koja se inače emitira u atmosferu ili rijeke. Energane na plin, koje proizvode samo toplinu, bez električne energije (poput onih u Rijeci, Slavonskom Brodu i Karlovcu), kao i grijanje na plin plinskim bojlerima nemaju termodinamičkog smisla zbog niske eksergetske iskoristivosti, a na raspolaganju su nam odlične alternative.

U pogledu smanjenja postojeće potrošnje tiče, hitno treba zamijeniti energane na prirodni plin kogeneracijama ili obnovljivim izvorima te što prije treba zabraniti planiranje plinskog grijanja u novim zgradama i zgradama koje se obnavljaju, što su neke zemlje već učinile, npr. Nizozemska, Britanija, Francuska, te veći dio nordijskih zemalja. U tom smislu treba subvencionirati zamjenu plinskih bojlera drugim energentima, uglavnom centraliziranim toplinskim sustavima ili dizalicama topline, ovisno o lokalnoj gustoći toplinskog konzuma.[3]

Plin u transportu, kako ukapljeni prirodni plin, tako i stlačeni zemni plin, treba oporezovati kao naftne derivate te ostaviti mogućnost korištenja plina samo u iznimnom slučaju prekooceanskih brodova.

 

Reference

[1] Tim Gould, Christophe McGlade, https://www.iea.org/commentaries/the-environmental-case-for-natural-gas, pristupljeno 3.10.2020

 

[2] Jackson, R. B., Saunois, M., Bousquet, P., Canadell, J. G., Poulter, B., Stavert, A. R., Bergamaschi, P., Niwa, Y., Segers, A., and Tsuruta, A.: Increasing anthropogenic methane emissions arise equally from agricultural and fossil fuel sources, Environ. Res. Lett., in press, 2020

[3] Prioriteti energetske tranzicije centra Grada Zagreba – Razvojna vizija nakon potresa 2020. godine, pristupljeno 3.10.2020.

 

 

 

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Renewable Sources of Energy and Energetic Transformation in the Mediterranean Context

According to a recent report by the Union for Mediterranean (UfM), the Mediterranean is recognized as one of the global climate hotspots.[1] The report alarmingly reads that the Mediterranean is warming at a rate 20 % faster than the rest of the world, now reaching a +1.5 °C temperature increase with respect to the pre-industrial age. Even more, with current policies the temperatures will increase by +2.2 °C with respect to the pre-industrial level by 2040. In practice, this means that 250 million people are projected to be considered “water and resource poor” within 20 years, which obviously has serious consequences, not only environmental, but also social and security implications.

The report underlines that “recent accelerated climate change has exacerbated existing environmental problems in the Mediterranean Basin that are caused by the combination of changes in land use, increasing pollution and declining biodiversity. In most impact domains (such as water, ecosystems, food, health and security), current change and future scenarios consistently point to significant and increasing risks during the coming decades. Policies for the sustainable development of Mediterranean countries need to mitigate these risks and consider adaptation options, but currently lack adequate information — particularly for the most vulnerable southern Mediterranean societies, where fewer systematic observations schemes and impact models are based.“

Importantly, at the UfM General Forum, UfM Secretary General Nasser Kamel sent a message that “no single nation, no single community, in our region has enough resources to cope with the pace of climate change on its own. Undeniably, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals,[2] our common efforts in the next decade have to focus on facing this urgent issue that goes way beyond climate change and implies reconsidering our approach to the region’s limited resources“[3]

Altogether, these strong warnings call for urgent and determined, focused and coherent joint action of all sectors to ensure the sustainability of the Mediterranean, as a geographic area where millennial historical turmoils took and are still taking place, which testifies to a constant exchange of civilizations, and thus of technologies as well. A historic center of the western civilization, with the reality of the ongoing climate crisis the contemporary Mediterranean became a scene of the most pronounced changes, both natural and social. However, the resilience and adaptability of this area, acquired over the centuries, also gives the strength for a decisive transformation. This is especially enabled by the rapid development of renewable sources of energy and accompanying technologies,[4],[5],[6] as well as the suitable accommodation of the Mediterranean in the northern temperate zone that ensures a very good insolation and winds throughout the year. Thus, from one of the most vulnerable sacrificed zones of the “Western world”, it could become the leader of transformation toward a post-carbon civilization.

Such a global crisis that calls into question the very survival of our civilization is highly inconsistent with an unambitious systematic response of international authorities so far. Even more disappointing is the prolongation of projects focused on the extraction and exploitation of fossil fuels, although they become more and more economically unprofitable in comparison to renewable sources, whose price is continuously depleting. It is worth remembering that the fossil fuel-based power and electric utilities in EU countries collapsed when renewable energy comprised only 14 % of the total market, leaving a heap of stranded assets behind.[7],[8] Fossil fuels thus become stranded assets which will be more and more burdensome in the short run for economies, and all investments in this direction are doomed to failure and actually reflect a poorly run politics without taking into account actual trends and crisis-imposed needs.

As analyzed in detail during other panels of this Forum, the greed for fossil fuels and new rich gas deposits in the Mediterranean leads to significant geopolitical tensions and prolongs long-lasting international conflicts in this area.

It is obvious that the harsh reality of global climate crisis requires nothing less than a united global response of the humanity as a whole. Thus, such a terrible reality is a test for our global civilisation, a wake-up call, but also a singular opportunity for global transformation into a sustainable society. In order to reach these goals, mankind needs to act together. A reasonable start is to declare a state of climate emergency, but systematic action accordingly is crucial. This is the context in which the Mediterranean as an important region should act toward a sustainable global society.

In the wake of a growing global climate movement, as well as alarming reports by IPCC[9], we are witnessing an increasing number of warnings written by scientists around the world.[10] One of the main demands of these movements is the plea for institutions to take heed of what scientists are saying.[11] It may well be argued that scientists are often modest when they publicly communicate their findings and the implications of these findings, which may be attributed to their strict adherence to the rules of the scientific method. However, as climate scientist James Hansen has pointed out: “Caution is a commendable quality, but right now we might consider controlling our restraint as it leads us to a cataclysmic future.“[12] One of the common means of refraining from resolute systematic action has been the view that climate change constitutes a problem but not a crisis.

Bearing all this in mind, more than 550 Croatian scientists have joined that global call for climate emergency by submitting A Plea for Systematic Climate Action to Croatian state authorities in January 2020.[13] In this way, Croatian scientists, in numbers and unity rarely achieved, stepped out from a purely academic to the political field, clearly saying that for them further ignorance of scientific facts to the detriment of future generations became unacceptable. They underlined that only a systematic action, covering all sectors of human activity and all scientific fields, can lead to necessary change. In line with this, energetic transformation is crucial. However, it is not sufficient in itself, but must be based on the principles of justice, which then altogether lead to a positive social change.

It is well recognized that renewable energy sources, accompanying efficient energy storage systems that overcome their inherent production and consumption intermittence, play a crucial role in energetic transformation to a zero-emission post-carbon society. They also have a unique potential to transform our entire way of living. The notion that variable solar and wind energy will require backup conventional fossil fuel power to prevent power lapses for decades to come has become a kind of modern-day urban myth, spread to a large extent by the gas industry. It is simply not true.7 Battery storage and hydrogen fuel-cell storage at rapidly declining costs can easily provide backup power to compensate for the variability of solar and wind generation. Choosing the appropriate mix of solar and wind power, recognizing the variability of each of these energies during different seasons relative to the variability in power demands at different times of the year, also helps maintain a dependable flow of electricity. Better management on the demand side, upgrading the grid code, and accelerating the transition from a servomechanical to a digital grid, making it smarter and more efficient at integrating electricity between base and peak load times, are equally suited to the task of maintaining the stability of electricity demand.[14]

Contemporary state-of-the-art energetic technology[15] and advanced materials[16] enable development of smart grids, conceptually predicted more than 100 years ago by G. Ciamician.[17] Development and increasing market penetration of systems for efficient energy storage by batteries and hydrogen improve the efficiency of renewable sources,[18] opening the space for the development and wide implementation of smart-grid decentralized, distributed and adaptable flexible energy systems throughout. In addition, such smart grid would have greatly enhanced sensory and control capability configured to accommodate distributed resources as well as electric vehicles, direct consumer participation in energy management and efficient communicating appliances. It is also strengthened against cyber security while assuring long-term operations of an extremely complex system of millions of nodes in the so-called Internet of Energy.[19] The phase-in and integration of the five pillars that make up the operating platforms of the Renewable Energy Internet transform the electricity grid from a centralized to a distributed system, and from fossil fuel and nuclear generation to renewable energy.[20] In the new system, each business, neighbourhood, and home owner becomes a potential producer of electricity, sharing their surplus with others on the smart Energy Internet that is beginning to stretch across national and continental landmasses. In this shift from fossil fuels to green energy, hundreds of millions of people become producers of their own energy and electricity where they work and live, sharing it with each other. This is the beginning of the great democratization of power in communities around the world.

The Mediterranean basin now witnesses a number of demonstrational projects in this respect.[21] Literally thousands of islands isolate populations in a wide variety of scales, from very small to big. These locations now serve as perfect platforms for the development of energy independent communities, scalable to the continental and global scale. On the other hand, a vivid academic research community in the Mediterranean and the surrounding countries serves as a strong support for such development.[22] Although there is still a lack of such projects, interfaces between the academic world and the everyday, there are several very active and successful research groups in Croatia dealing with various hydrogen-related topics, from materials science16 and development of Fuel Cells[23] to small-scale hydrogen pump stations[24] and hydrogen-powered vehicles.[25] Still, the collaboration of all these groups should be improved. This would obviously lead to more focused research toward efficient real-world systems, in line with those already implemented throughout the Mediterranean.

The Mediterranean, as a highly dynamic geographic space, faced with the harsh reality of its vulnerability to the climate crisis, cries for a united, focused and ambitious response. It deserves finally to overcome the centuries long international tensions, a united, solidary action toward the common, sustainable future. Although this might sound naïve, such a future is possible, if technological development is managed carefully and responsibly, while taking into account the principles of equity and justice. In fact, the fate of humanity depends on nothing less than that.

[1] https://ufmsecretariat.org/climate-change-report/ accessed Aug. 5, 2020

[2] https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ accessed Aug. 5, 2020

[3] https://ufmsecretariat.org/event/regional-forum-2019/ accessed Aug. 5, 2020

[4] Narges Bamati, Ali Raoofi: „Development level and the impact of technological factor on renewable energy production“ Renewable Energy, 151 (2020) 946-955

[5] Poul Alberg Østergaard, Neven Duic, Younes Noorollahi, Hrvoje Mikulcic, Soteris Kalogirou: „Sustainable development using renewable energy technology“ Renewable Energy 146 (2020) 2430-2437

[6] S. Koohi-Fayegh, M.A. Rosen: “A review of energy storage types, applications and recent developments” Journal of Energy Storage 27 (2020) 101047

[7] Jeremy Rifkin: “The Green New Deal” (2020) St. Martin’s Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

[8] Gunnela Hahn et al. „Framing Stranded Asset Risks in an Age of Disruption“, Stockholm Environment Institute, March (2018)

[9] IPCC: „Global Warming of 1.5 °C“ https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ accessed Aug. 6, 2020

[10] William J Ripple, Christopher Wolf, Thomas M Newsome, Phoebe Barnard, William R Moomaw: „World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency“ BioScience 70 (2019) 8-12

[11] K. Epstein: Greta Thunberg Wants You to Listen to The Scientists, Not Her. Science Alert, 19. IX. 2019: https://www.sciencealert.com/greta-thunberg-wants-you-to-listen-to-scientists-not-her accessed Aug. 6, 2020

[12] J. E. Hansen, Storms of My Grandchildren, Bloomsbury Press, New York (2009)

[13] A Plea for Systematic Climate Action https://www.znanost-klima.org/apel/ accessed Aug. 6, 2020

[14] T. W. Brown et al.: “Response to ‘Burden of Proof: A Comprehensive Review of the Feasibility of 100% Renewable-Electricity Systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 92 (2018) 834–47

[15] Yuqing Yang, Stephen Bremner, Chris Menictas, Merlinde Kay: „Battery energy storage system size determination in renewable energy systems: A review“ Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 91 (2018)

109-125; M. Stecca, L. R. Elizondo, T. B. Soeiro, P. Bauer and P. Palensky: “A Comprehensive Review of the Integration of Battery Energy Storage Systems Into Distribution Networks” IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society 1 (2020) 46-65

[16] Tianjie Qiu, Zibin Liang, Wenhan Guo, Hassina Tabassum, Song Gao, Ruqiang Zou: „Metal–Organic Framework-Based Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage“ ACS Energy Letters 5 (2020) 520-532; A. El Kharbachi, E. M. Dematteis, K. Shinzato, S. C. Stevenson, L. J. Bannenberg, M. Heere, C. Zlotea, P. Á. Szilágyi, J.-P. Bonnet, W. Grochala, D. H. Gregory, T. Ichikawa, M. Baricco, and B. C. Hauback: „Metal Hydrides and Related Materials. Energy Carriers for Novel Hydrogen and Electrochemical Storage“ Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124 (2020) 7599-7607; Elsa Callini, Nikola Biliškov, Andreas Züttel, Amelia Montone et al.: „Nanostructured materials for solid-state hydrogen storage: A review of the achievement of COST Action MP1103“ International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41 (2016) 14404-14428

[17] Giacomo Ciamician: „The photochemistry of the future“ Science 36 (1912) 385–394

[18] Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation: „Hydrogen-based Autonomous Energy Supply System“ https://www.toshiba-energy.com/en/hydrogen/product/h2one.htm accessed Aug. 6, 2020

[19] Electric Power Research Institute: „Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid: A Preliminary Estimate of the Investment Requirements and the Resultant Benefits of a Fully Functioning Smart Grid“ (2011) https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf accessed Aug. 6, 2020

[20] Richard J. Campbell: „The Smart Grid: Status and Outlook“ Congressional Research Service, April 10, 2018, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R45156.pdf accessed Aug. 6, 2020

[21] Association of Mediterranean Energy Regulators: „Joint Report of the Electricity Working Group & Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Working Group: Smart Grids in Mediterranean Countries“ https://www.sipotra.it/old/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Smart-Grids-in-Mediterranean-Countries.pdf accessed Aug. 6, 2020

[22] European Commission: „Smart Specialization PLatform“ https://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/-/s3p-energy-smart-mediterraneo-best-practices-innovation-and-pilot-projects-in-smart-grid-development-in-the-mediterranean-region?inheritRedirect=true accessed Aug. 6 2020

[23] Frano Barbir (Ed.): „PEM Fuel Cells“ (2012), Elsevier

[24] https://hydrogen.hr/ accessed Aug. 6, 2020

[25] Frano Barbir, Boris Šimic, Goran Stipanović, Dario Bezmalinović: „Demonstration of a Fuel Cell Powered Boat“ Proceedings 18th World Hydrogen Energy Conference / Stolten, D. – Essen : Energie Agentur NRW (2010); http://www.unizg.hr/nc/vijest/article/prvi-hrvatski-bicikl-na-vodik-docentice-ankice-dukic-s-fsb-a/ accessed Aug. 6, 2020

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Ankica Kovač – klimatske promjene su prilika za razvojh održive energetike

Portal Prilagodba klimi je danas objavio intervju s još jednom potpisnicom našeg Apela, dr. sc. Ankicom Kovač sa Zavoda za energetska postrojenja, energetiku i okoliš Fakulteta strojarstva i brodogradnje u Zagrebu.

Ankica Kovač je jedna od naših naijstaknutijih znanstvenica na polju razvoja postrojenja koja se temelje na vodiku. Njen rad je u javnosti najbolje prepoznat po biciklu na vodik, kojeg je predstavila prije 2016. godine, a od tada kontinuirano i vrlo predano radi na razvoju pilot-postrojenja, koja bi služila kao temelj razvoja vodikove infrastrukture.

Ovaj intervju je uglavnom fokusiran na energetiku, a Ankica ističe kako se trenutne klimatske promjene treba promatrati i kao priliku za sveobuhvatnu tranziciju prema održivoj energetici.

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Dan planeta Zemlje – ovoga puta o klimatskim promjenama

Zagreb, 22. travnja 2020.

Dan planeta Zemlje je po prvi puta obilježen na današnji dan 1970. u SAD-u. Naime, nakon prijedloga UNESCO-a da se jedan dan posveti jačanju javne svijesti o važnosti očuvanja okoliša, američki senator Gaylord Nelson se u kongresu izborio da se 22. travnja proglasi Danom planeta Zemlje. Povod tome je bila njegova zgroženost posljedicama izljeva 3 milijuna galona nafte iz platforme Union Oil A uz obalu Kalifornije.
Ovogodišnji Dan planeta Zemlje, 50. po redu, obilježava se u više od 190 država, a tema je klimatska akcija. Kao izazov enormnih razmjera, ali također i neslućenih prilika za čovječanstvo u cjelini, klimatska akcija je prepoznata kao najvažnija tema svih suvremenih zalaganja za održivost kroz očuvanje okoliša. Naime, kao što stalno naglašavamo, klimatske promjene su najveći izazov za čovječanstvo i sustave koji naš planet čine nastanjivim.
Ove godine se Dan planeta Zemlje održava u ozračju globalne pandemije COVID-19, uzrokovanje novim korona virusom SARS-CoV-2. Iz aspekta klimatske akcije, ta je činjenica zanimljiva iz više razloga. Naime, uspješnost odgovora pojedinačnih zemalja na borbu protiv te epidemije je u najdirektnijoj korelaciji mjera s uputama što proizlaze iz najboljih znanstvenih spoznaja iz relevantnih polja. Razmjeri klimatske krize su sami po sebi znatno veći i obuhvatniji u odnosu na aktualnu pandemiju. Razumijevanje i suočavanje s klimatskom krizom je multidisciplinarni i multisektorski problem, koji iziskuje združeno i solidarno djelovanje cijelog čovječanstva, a u tome je ključna hitna implementacija najboljih relevantnih znanstvenih spoznaja iz svih znanstvenih polja i disciplina.
WHO upozorava da su jedna od značajnijih, već sada mjerljivih, posljedica klimatskih promjena izmjene u obrascima širenja zaraznih bolesti. Stoga su nam i na tom specifičnom polju hitno potrebne spoznaje temeljnih kompleksnih kauzalnih veza, kako bismo, upotrebom cjelovitih, bolje utvrđenih i integriranih modela, efikasno predviđali buduće pandemije.
Prije dva dana cijene nafte su na svjetskom tržištu su pale duboko ispod nule, a vodeći analitičari ne predviđaju brz oporavak tržišta. To je indikator dubine gospodarske krize uzrokovane pandemijom COVID-19, ali i indikator osjetljivosti i neodrživosti dominantnog ekonomskog modela. Smatramo da se nalazimo u prijelomnom trenutku povijesti, u trenutku zornog uprizorenja mnogih loših strana naše ovisnosti o fosilnim gorivima. Ovo je trenutak kad se može poduzeti odlučna i dubinska transformacija energetskog sektora prema obnovljivoj i održivoj energetici, što sve glasnije zahtijevaju i građani.
Znanstvenici RH su u siječnju ove godine uručili svoj apel za sustavnu klimatsku akciju, s potpisima više od 550 znanstvenika, institucijama zakonodavne i izvršne vlasti. Apel je u javnosti odjeknuo znatnom medijskom pažnjom čak i izvan granica RH, a koja i dalje ne jenjava, unatoč pandemiji. No, tek konkretnom akcijom poruke Apela dobivaju objektivnu jasnoću i nedvosmislenost. Zato se pridružujemo pozivu, upućenom na službenim stranicama Dana planeta Zemlje, za 24-satnu globalnu digitalnu mobilizaciju, putem širenja vezanih poruka u svim oblicima putem društvenih mreža i drugih internetskih kanala.

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